The question remains as to which version of § 263a I StGB might apply. The requirements for influencing the outcome of a data processing operation, as defined by § 263a StGB, are explained as follows:

“The offense of computer fraud under § 263a StGB was introduced to close legal loopholes https://cutt.ly/6eDx5MAh, as manipulating data processing operations typically lacks the element of deceiving a natural person, thus rendering § 263 StGB (traditional fraud) inapplicable.
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